Accepted domains are used to verify that a company representative is employed at a member company during sign up. When accepted domains are enforced, each member company provides a list of domains on which company email addresses are based (i.e., the accepted domains list). The domain of an email address entered by a user signing up as a company representative must match a domain on their company's list, rather than a private email address. Company representatives can also be required to use an email address that conforms to their company's accepted domains throughout their tenure with the organization, ensuring that email from the organization is only sent out directly to a known set of member-company-owned domains.

See Also Company Representative, domain, domain name.

A user or company has an account if they have a record in the Kavi® Members database. Users with accounts have usernames and passwords they can use to login to your Kavi-hosted web site (assuming they also have access privileges for those areas).

A company or user has a "Billing Account" if there is a record for that company or user in the Kavi® Billing database.

Typically 'active' or 'inactive', although Kavi Billing and Kavi® Commerce use a larger set of statuses. The account status indicates where the account is in its life cycle and whether the account holder currently has access to online tools.

See Also active, inactive.

Kavi Billing term. The account type can be user, company, pending user or pending company. The account type indicates whether the billing account is for a regular user or company, or for a user or company whose membership application is still pending.

Kavi® Groups term. Action items act as a task list for a group. Each action item has an owner, a due date, and a description. Once an action item is complete, it can be closed, making it easy for the group to see which tasks are complete and which are outstanding.

This status indicates an account holder or other object in the database is 'active' in the organization's web site, as opposed to 'inactive'. The status values of 'active' and 'inactive' work as a switch that the organization uses to control access, visibility, etc. Most objects, such as users and companies, are inactive when they are first added to the database, then activated for some period of time, then deactivated again before archiving. Active objects are visible to members, while inactive objects are visible to administrators only.

For instance, companies and users may be added to the database when they apply for accounts, activated when their membership goes current, and deactivated if their membership expires. Users can log into the web site if they are active, but inactive users cannot. Profiles and catalog items must be active to be displayed in Kavi Showcase, registrations must be active in order to be displayed on event pages, etc.

See Also inactive.

The activity history is a user-friendly record of changes made to an application database, including the date of the change, an Activity Type indicating the nature of the change and Activity Notes added by administrators. Most Kavi applications offer built-in activity histories to track changes to data managed by that application. For example, Kavi Members has both user and company activity histories to record changes to user and company data over time.

See Also Activity Type, Activity Note.

Comments added manually by an administrator or an application for inclusion in an activity history. Activity Notes can only be seen by administrators.

See Also activity history.

Used in activity histories to indicate the nature of a change made to data in a database. An Activity Type can be one of several default types installed by a specific Kavi application (e.g., added, edited, email, etc.). In Kavi Members, organizations can create custom Activity Types to classify a certain type of event such as 'phone_conversation'.

See Also activity history.

Administrators are highly-privileged users responsible for maintaining data and managing user permissions. Kavi Members manages most of the top-level administrator types, including Super Admin, Organization Admin and Report Admin, as well as administrators that manage company representatives and data such as Company Admin and Primary Contact. Many other Kavi software applications install administrative types that have access to that application's administrative tools (e.g., Kavi Groups Admin), but the Organization Admin has access to most application's Admin Area tools, so this is the ubiquitous administrative User Type.

See Also User Type.

An alias is a single email address that forwards messages to a group of other email addresses. An alias is really a shortcut: a convenient and often easily remembered way of sending email to many people at once. Unlike mailing lists, aliases have no applied rules: they are not moderated, are not archived, and cannot be managed using email commands. Aliases simply redistribute mail to the group of specified recipients.

Most Kavi software products recommend the use of an administrative alias or email address be used when sending out email from the applications and directing users to support. Most web sites will use the alias "admin@mydomain.org" as the administrative contact address. Managers and executive director's personal email addresses in the alias list are then forwarded any email sent to the admin alias. This is especially useful when staff members change as the alias list can be revised to include the new staff members without having to change the alias itself.

Kavi Mailing List Manager includes tools for creating and managing aliases.

See Also alias list, mailing list.

The list of email addresses to which an alias forwards every message it receives. For example, the alias list for a support alias such as "admin@example.org" may include the email addresses of managers and executive directors. Changes in the addresses in the alias list are transparent to users sending email to the alias, as the alias itself does not change. An alias list may contain other aliases, for instance, "admin@example.org" may be on the "webmaster@example.org" alias.

See Also alias.

"Allow list" is an ezmlm term for a list that stores the email addresses of users who are allowed to post messages to a mailing list directly, if list configuration permits. In lists managed by the Kavi Mailing List Manager, this is called a "Poster List". List moderators do not need to be added to the allow list. The separation of subscribers and posters into separate lists makes it possible to configure a list that distributes email to a different set of addresses than those from which it accepts email.

See Also mailing list, poster, Poster List.

Apache is a Unix-based, open-source web server that is used to host about half the sites on the Internet. Kavi web sites are hosted on Apache.

A user or company applying for an organization membership, online account or group participation privileges. An application may be approved automatically or there may be requirements that have to be met, possibly including moderator approval.

Kavi Commerce term. A request to charge a credit card for a specified amount through a payment gateway. If the authorization request is granted, a reserve will be placed for the specified amount in the cardholder's account without actually capturing the funds. When appropriate, the card will be charged and the funds captured.

See Also delayed capture.

Kavi Groups term. Documents uploaded to a folder can be assigned names automatically, rather than having their names added manually by the submitter. The assigned names are sequential and based on a user-defined format. For example, a document may be automatically assigned a prefix and a number.

Formal voting mechanism in Kavi Groups. Ballots can be issued for a single group or for the entire organization. Each ballot's list of eligible voters is generated based on the group's business rules, which may be very open or very restrictive. The passage of a ballot may be dependent on quorum requirements or a simple majority of votes cast.

Used by Kavi Billing, the bill ID is a human-readable identifier generated automatically when a new bill is created. The basic format for a bill ID can be configured by each organization.

Used by Kavi Billing, the bill status indicates where a bill is in its life cycle. Bill statuses include New, Pending, Paid, Overdue, Awaiting Gateway, Failed Gateway, Disputed, Refunded, Canceled, Deleted.

When an email cannot be delivered to an email address, it is returned to the sender. This returned message is called a bounce. Email can bounce for many reasons, including an improperly typed email address, an email address that is no longer viable, or a temporary network issue that blocks any email to the email address.

See Also bounce handling.

Ezmlm includes automatic tools that detect and remove bad email addresses from mailing lists. This process is called bounce handling. Typically, when an email address is bouncing mailing list messages, the mailing list will send out a special email to the address, called a probe, to see if the probe email can be delivered successfully. If the probe bounces too, the email address will be unsubscribed from the list. Kavi Mailing List Manager logs all email addresses removed by the bounce handler for all lists it manages.

See Also bounce, EZ Mailing List Manager, probe.

Similar to a Deny List. Blocklist is similar to a deny list, but instead of a list of email addresses maintained at the list level, this is a list of IP addresses of known spammers published by Spamhaus, the venerable spam-prevention organization. The Spamhaus blocklist is used to identify and reject all email coming into Kavi-hosted web sites from these IPs. A Kavi deny list can be created for every mailing list managed through Kavi applications to protect the list from users who have a history of posting inappropriate content.

See Also Deny List, IP address, internet address.

This term comes from the Brothers Grimm fairy tale of "Hansel and Gretel", who left a trail of breadcrumbs in the forest so they could find their way home again. Breadcrumbs show where you in a web site by displaying a series of links that trace the directory structure from the parent page down to the current page. Breadcrumbs are typically displayed at the top of the web page.

Use breadcrumbs to navigate quickly from tool to parent menu.

Software that allows you to "surf" the Internet. Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer are examples of web browsers. A browser provides an interface for finding, viewing, hearing, and interacting with material on the Web.

Kavi software incorporates web standards to ensure that any browser will be able to use our sites. While any browser will work, using a browser with excellent built-in support for web standards (such as Mozilla's Firefox) will give you the best results, as these browsers take full advantage of all the usability and interoperability features outlined in web standards specifications.

A W3C Recommendation, CSS files are used to control the look of HTML web pages. CSS can define the fonts used, the colors, spacing, and other layout properties. Kavi software use CSS heavily to increase the ease with which the application can be made to match any web site's look and feel.

See Also Hypertext Markup Language.

The browser cache stores the contents of all the Web pages you have viewed recently so they can be retrieved quickly.

Every time you want to view a web page, your browser looks to see if the page is already stored in the cache. If it is, the browser displays the page from the cache. Unfortunately, if the page on the Web changed since the last time you visited it and your browser displayed the old version from the cache, you won't be viewing the latest version of the page. This is referred to as a stale browser cache.

One of the core Kavi® Showcase data components, catalog items contain information about a thing: usually a product, specific solution, or document. Every catalog item must be associated with a profile, just as any product should be associated with a company, or a document associated with the user who submitted it.

See Also profile.

Kavi Groups term. Chair privileges are granted to group participants when setting up new groups or managing the group roster. The Chair is considered the group leader, and by default will have additional management privileges and be sent email notifications not sent to regular group members.

Each group is required to have one or more Chairs.

Informal, condensed information about changes made to a Kavi application. The application changelog is updated and republished for every stable release.

A type of form, generally used for terms and conditions, that requires the user to click a checkbox indicating agreement before the user is taken to the next page of the signup process. If the user declines, they will generally not be allowed to proceed with signup. Click-through forms are probably familiar to most users as part of the installation process of most commercial software.

See Also terms and conditions.

Method of verifying subscription requests received via email. This method is used to confirm any kind of subscription request, including unsubscribe requests. In a closed-loop, confirmed opt-in subscription model, the mailing list sends a confirmation request in response to any subscription request. The confirmation request email is sent to the address to which the subscription request applies to make sure that the true owner of the email account receives the request. The account owner must reply from this same email account to confirm their desire to be subscribed (or unsubscribed).

The closed-loop, confirmed opt-in method of validating new subscribers is the gold standard for mailing lists. By seeking explicit permission from subscribers before adding them to the mailing list, the organization screens out third-party subscription requests and is reduces the risk of being blocklisted that can be incurred under less scrupulous subscription models.

See Also blockist.

Mailing lists that only allow subscribers to be added by administrators use the closed subscription model. Since users aren't allowed to subscribe directly, lists that use this model are often called "invitation-only" lists.

See Also open subscription model.

A group of users. Kavi software applies the term "company" generically to businesses, non-profits, schools, regional offices, etc. If the organization offers company memberships, most companies in the Kavi Members database are member companies. If the organization offers individual memberships, it may track nonmember companies in the database, and may create companies solely for the purpose of grouping individuals.

Company Administration and Contact Types are used to classify Company Representatives according to the way they represent their company to the organization, such as 'Primary Contact' or 'Company Admin'. Types can be used to manage Company Representatives as a group, such as sending an email blast to everyone who has been assigned the 'Primary Contact' type. Company Administration and Contact Types may also be used to confer roles that grant access privileges needed by representatives who hold positions of responsibility in the organization. For example, the 'Company Admin' type is associated with the 'company_admin' role, which grants access to Company Area tools used to maintain the company roster and data.

Kavi Members terms. These are actually two different terms. A Company Representative becomes a 'Company Admin' by being assigned a Company Admin and Contact Type. This type confers the 'admin' role by default, which grants access to tools used to edit company information.

This role is also associated with the 'Primary Contact' type, which is why the generic term "company administrators" is used to refer to both Company Admins and Primary Contacts. Company Admins have a higher level of access to company data because they can manage the company roster and grant privileges by assigning Company Admin and Contact Types to other representatives. Primary Contacts are recipients of most email notifications sent to their company.

See Also Company Administration and Contact Type.

Kavi Members term. Company for Individuals is one of four possible Purposes for a company. It is used by organizations that track individuals. A company with this purpose may be a real-world company or one that was created in the Kavi Members database solely to group individuals. Companies with this purpose can be omitted from Individual Membership Applications.

See Also member, membership, nonmember, Purpose, Staff or Administration.

Kavi Members term. A Company Representative is a user who is granted access to the organization's web site through their company and represents their company to organization. A Company Representative acts on behalf of their company to help secure a return on the company's investment in the organization. In Kavi Members, Company Representative is a purpose assigned to users who belong to member and nonmember companies.

See Also member, membership, nonmember, Purpose, Staff or Administration.

Kavi Members term. Company Types are assigned to companies to classify them. They can also confer roles and access privileges, which are inherited by users who belong to that company. The classic example is a Company Type created to be assigned through membership. This type would probably confer the 'member' role, which grants access to the Member Area of the site.

An organization that offers full memberships to companies and not to individuals. Users are granted accounts and access to the site if they represent a member company or are employed by the organization. Organizations that offer memberships to individuals as well as companies are classified as mixed organizations.

See Also mixed organization.

Content type refers to the format of a file. When a document or file is uploaded, the user's browser passes along content type information to the web site. For example, if when a .ZIP file is uploaded, the browser should declare its content type as "application/zip".

Cookies are text files placed on your computer by a web site. Cookies store information about your visit to the web site, and are especially useful in helping the system to maintain state. For instance, a cookie can be created when you login to a secure site to identify you as an authenticated user so you can navigate to different protected areas of the site without having to log back in every time you go to a new page. This kind of cookie is called a session cookie—it only exists as long as your browser session persists. When you close your browser, the session cookie is automatically deleted, so on your next visit to the site, you will have to log back in.

Kavi Edit uses persistent cookies to log editors onto public pages and give them access to Kavi Edit tools.

A simple file format used to transfer data from one application to another. Each line of the file contains an ordered list of values, with the value for each field in the row separated by a comma from the next value. The first line in the file contains the names of database column headings (e.g., 'first_name', 'last_name', 'company_name'), and each subsequent row corresponds to a record in the database. CSV files can be opened and edited in spreadsheet applications or text editors.

Used by both Kavi Billing and Kavi Commerce, the 'created by' field indicates which application triggered the creation of the bill or transaction. For example, if a bill is created as part of the membership application process, the 'created by' value for that bill would be 'Kavi Members', as Kavi Members is the application that handles membership signup.

Security codes, also known as CVV2 (Visa) or CVC2 (MasterCard), are three- or four-digit codes printed on credit cards. Because the code isn't raised, it won't appear on sales receipts, nor is it included in the magnetic stripe information collected by electronic credit card readers and it is not used in billing statements. This ensures that the card holder must have the card on hand in order to use this code.

A collection of organized data, usually stored as a series of tables for rapid search and retrieval. Kavi Members and Kavi Groups use the MySQL relational database management system to facilitate reporting, management and dynamic content.

When shopping at an online store, it is considered best practice for the merchant to abstain from charging the customer's credit card until the goods are shipped. Delayed capture is the second step in the delayed settlement process, following the authorization of the charge that was made when the order was first placed. When the order is fulfilled, the information from a prior authorization is used to capture funds.

See Also authorize charge.

This is a payment process involving two transactions. Authorization is acquired in the first transaction, generally when an order is placed, and funds are captured in a second transaction once the order has shipped.

See Also authorize charge, delayed capture.

A list of email addresses of users whose messages are rejected by a mailing list. Each mailing list has its own Deny List maintained by administrators. Users who post inappropriate content can be placed on this list as a means of enforcing list policy.

See Also blockist.

A digest subscriber receives email sent to the mailing list in batches: many messages rolled into one. By default, a digest subscriber receives email after 30 messages, 48 hours, or 64 kilobytes of message body text have accumulated since the last digest. Digest subscription is an alternative to regular subscription, where users will receive every email sent to the list individually as it comes in. Users have the ability to select from these two options when managing their subscriptions.

See Also moderator, poster, Poster List, regular subscriber.

A listing of users or companies and their contact information. Kavi Members features include configurable directories with search and download capabilities.

As it is used by Kavi Groups, the term document refers to any kind of file; for example, Microsoft Word (.DOC), Microsoft Excel (.XLS), Adobe Acrobat (.PDF), multimedia (.MPEG, .WAV), executable (.EXE), graphic (.GIF, .JPEG), text (.TXT), and so on. These files reside in folders and are associated with specific groups.

A revision is a second copy or related document uploaded with an original document in Kavi Groups. All revisions of a document are listed together in the documents repository, and can reflect the progress of a document from the initial draft to the final published version.

Term used by Kavi Groups. A document type is a collection of one or more content types, which is used to display an icon next to the document. Because many browsers submit slightly different content types for what is really the same type of file Kavi Groups associates each of those different content types to a single document type. For example, GIF, JPEG, and other similar content types are all grouped into the document type of "image".

The unique portion of a URL, usually appears directly after "http://www." in a Web site's Internet address. The domain consists of domainname.tld (where .tld stands for the top-level domain, such as .org, .com, .edu, etc.). This unique domain also appears in email addresses following the @ symbol (e.g., username@domainname.tld).

In Kavi documentation, the domain of the organization is represented by 'example.org', while the domain of a company is represented by 'example.com'. The organization's Web site address would appear as 'www.example.org' and a user's company email address appears as 'username@example.com'.

See Also accepted domains, fully qualified domain name, subdomain, top-level domain, Uniform Resource Locator.

A system of servers distributed over the Internet that are used to translate fully qualified domain names, such as those used in email addresses, into IP addresses. When transferring an email, the Mail Transfer Agent uses the DNS to locate a server that accepts email for the address domain.

See Also fully qualified domain name, IP address, internet address, mail transfer agent.

The duration of a membership is the length of time a membership will last (e.g., 6 months, 1 year, a lifetime).

Membership dates for a specific type of membership may be based on a duration (e.g., one year, a lifetime) or a term (e.g., Jan. 1st to Dec. 31st of a given year). If the membership type used a fixed duration of one year, the memberships of Member A and Member B would both last a year, but each membership would have different start and end dates. If a membership type uses a fixed term, Member B who joins mid-term would have a different start date than Member A who joined before the term began, but both memberships would expire on the same day.

See Also term.

Ecommerce, a term derived from "Electronic Commerce," is the practice of doing business over the Internet. In particular, ecommerce refers to transactions performed online (i.e., the collection of credit card information and the electronic transfer of funds).

Mailing lists based on ezmlm software can be configured to accept administrative commands via email. To use one of these commands, the user simply sends an email to a command address. When an email reaches the mailbox corresponding to that address, the list management software automatically responds to the email. Email address commands typically include commands that allow users to subscribe or unsubscribe, to get list help or to view raw archives. For more information, see Email Commands in the Kavi Mailing List Manager help.

A collection of email messages stored on a server. A mailing list may have raw archives accessible via ezmlm email address commands, and may also have web-viewable, indexed archives supported by the MHonArc archiving tool.

See Also EZ Mailing List Manager, MHonArc.

Kavi software include many mechanisms for sending email. An email schedule sends email automatically based on a predetermined set of rules and conditions. Email schedules are generally configurable and use email templates to generate the message. An organization's scheduled email might include: membership renewal reminders, ballot reminders and billing notifications.

See Also text template.

A method of protecting sensitive information by scrambling the data to be sent over the Internet in a code that is not human-readable. Encryption is used throughout Kavi software. Credit card information is always encrypted and web site passwords can also be encrypted.

The envelope information for an email contains information similar to the information on a real-world envelope used to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. Unlike the message header (which contains the familiar fields 'To', 'From', 'Date' and 'Subject'), the envelope header is generally hidden when viewing email through an MUA. The envelope header fields include 'Return-Path', 'Reply-To', timestamps and other information added by mail servers during each leg of the transfer process. Together, the message header and envelope header are referred to as the full header.

When there is a problem with email, the complete email must be forwarded as an attachment so the envelope header will be available for troubleshooting. If you forward the email inline or copy the contents into another email, you will only capture the message body and visible fields. The envelope headers (the information of most use in the troubleshooting process) will be omitted.

See Also mail user agent, full header, email header, message header.

Spreadsheet program for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh; part of the Microsoft Office Suite. CSV reports and data files can be viewed in Excel and other spreadsheet applications.

See Also comma-separated values.

XML is a markup language used to describe document content and structure, rather than the presentation of the content. It is called "extensible" because it is specifically designed to be extended for flexibility and adaptability for different uses. XML is a meta language—a language for describing other languages—which lets developers create customized markup languages for whatever type of document needed.

XHTML, a version of XML specifically used to code web pages is used to write Kavi software interfaces.

See Also Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

XHTML is a standard that for creating HTML-based documents in an XML-compliant manner. By writing content for the web in XHTML, Kavi is able to take advantage of XML tools that check the correctness of the code and assure the content's backward and forward compatibility.

For more information about XHTML, visit the XHTML web site.

See Also Hypertext Markup Language, Extensible Markup Language.

A scalable, feature-rich mailing list management tool used by several Kavi applications that support mailing lists. Kavi Mailing List Manager provides a web-based interface for interacting with ezmlm mailing lists. Ezmlm integrates exceptionally well with qmail, an email management tool by the same author. Ezmlm-idx is an add-on that provides indexing for the MHonArc archives. For more information about ezmlm, visit www.ezmlm.org.

See Also mailing list, MHonArc, qmail.

The ability to post to a mailing list is often restricted depending on the sender's list user level, and email from addresses that are not on the list of those who are allowed to post may be rejected. When an email is rejected, the system deletes the email without notifying the sender or mailing list administrators, so the email is said to fail silently.

A harsh response to another, frequently expressed as a message containing personal criticism posted in reply to a message that is considered to be off-topic or otherwise constitutes a violation of list netiquette. Most list moderators consider excessive flaming a violation of netiquette in its own right and may ban repeat flamers from the list.

See Also netiquette, newbie.

Antivirus software from Frisk Software International. For more information, visit the Frisk web site.

A full header contains metadata about the email, similar to the information on a real-world envelope used to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. Full headers include both message headers and envelope headers. The message header is usually displayed when viewing an email, and contains familiar fields such as 'To:', 'From:', 'Date:' and 'Subject:' fields. Envelope header information is usually hidden by the MUA, and is visible only when viewing the email source or email properties. It includes fields such as the 'Return-Path', 'Reply-To', timestamps and other information added by mail servers during each leg of the transfer process. This information is used when troubleshooting email delivery issues.

When there is a problem with email, forward the complete email as an attachment so the full header will be available for troubleshooting. If you forward the email inline or copy the content into another email, you will only capture the message body and visible fields. The envelope headers (the information of most use in the troubleshooting process) will be omitted.

See Also envelope header, message header, mail user agent.

Many software searches will search across a limited number of details, such as item names and state. In contrast, a full-text search looks through the entire contents of documents and email posted to a web site, not just the document names or email subjects.

The unique name by which host (i.e., server) is known on the Internet and can be resolved to an IP address. It consists of a domain name which is known to the Internet, including the top-level domain, and if there are multiple hosts within the network, it includes the name by which the host (server) is known locally. A domain name takes the general form 'domainname.tld' where 'domainname' is the domain and '.tld' is the top-level domain. If there are multiple hosts within the domain, the name will usually take the form 'servername.example.tld' where 'servername' is the name by which the host is known within the local network. For example, a company might use the domain name of 'example.com' for its headquarters while the research division, which is served by a different server (and therefore has a different IP address), might be known by the domain name of 'research.example.com'. Both of these would be fully qualified domain names.

When an email is transferred from the originating MTA to the first receiving MTA, the receiving MTA checks to see whether the hostname that has been provided to it by the originating MTA resolves to a unique Internet address. If it does, then it is a fully qualified domain name and the receiving MTA adds the hostname to the Return Path in the envelope header. If the hostname does not resolve properly, the receiving MTA adds the originating MTA's IP address instead. So, even if the person who originated the email falsified information in the 'From:' and 'Reply-to:' fields, the originator's true Internet address is recorded in the email's envelope header.

In Kavi documentation, the domain of an organization's web site is represented generically in examples as 'example.org', while the domain of a company is represented as 'example.com'. The domain name is used by Internet email and Internet web site addresses, so the email address of a user is represented as 'username@example.com' and the organization's Web site as 'www.example.org'.

See Also domain, domain name, mail transfer agent.

A software interface that allows a server to communicate with a data source. Kavi Commerce connects with payment gateways to make credit card authorization requests and receive authorization responses back from the Internet merchant account. Both ECHOnline and Verisign provide payment gateways. Also known as payment processing service.

See Also internet merchant account.

Period of time between a membership's expiration and the archiving of the membership. Consequences of allowing the membership to expire will be implemented at the end of the grace period unless the membership has been renewed.

Generic term used by Kavi Groups to describe the online collaboration center for a specific committee, working group, task force, or interest group. Each group is highly configurable, with a roster, action items, ballots, a document repository, and a mailing list with online email archives.

A computer connected to a network. A host might function as a mail server or web server.

A name by which a computer is known on a network. The computer (i.e. host) may be known by more than one hostname within the local network, but it can only be registered in the Domain Name System under a single hostname, which is used for the local portion of the host's fully qualified domain name. For instance, the hostname of the mail server at a company's research division could be registered with the DNS as 'research', so that email addresses for the research division would take the form 'username@research.example.com'. Within the network, this same host could also be known as 'bob'.

On the Internet, the DNS can resolve the host's fully qualified domain name to an IP address, which allows users to send email to the host if it is a mail server or to visit a web site if the host is a web server.

See Also Domain Name System, fully qualified domain name, IP address, internet address.

The most common markup language used in the creation of documents for the Web. HTML markup tells browsers how to display the content of each web page.

See Also source, source code, Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Status indicating a company or user account or membership is not current or in good standing. An inactive status typically indicates that the company or user no longer has full privileges nor is it visible. For instance, inactive users cannot into the web site, but active users can, and inactive profiles are hidden in the showcase, whereas active profiles are featured publicly.

See Also active.

This type of organization offers full memberships to individuals (people). It does not offer memberships to companies. Organizations that offer memberships to companies as well as individuals are classified as mixed organizations.

See Also company-based organization, mixed organization.

Intellectual property includes ideas, designs inventions, technology, software, etc. which are protected under intellectual property rights.

An internet merchant account is a specialized bank account that allows credit cards to be processed online. Also known as a "Card Not Present Merchant Account."

A company or organization that provides internet access. ISPs frequently provide mail handling services for users, in which case the ISP will have mail servers protected by virus scanning and spam filtering software, as well as a firewall. Although these protections are necessary, each is another possible point of failure in the email delivery process.

The IP (short for Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for an internet host such as your computer or your email provider's mail server. The IP address is used when one computer sends information to another. When you send an email, the IP addresses of all the hosts that handle the email are recorded in the email header. IP addresses consist of a string of four numbers, separated by dots (period marks). Each number can be no more three digits. The IP address will look something like this: '127.0.0.1'.

Used to create a unique entry for each record in the database tables. item_key is frequently displayed on activity log reports when new information is added, which shows that a new and unique record has been created for that record.

Kavi is the industry leader in web-based management for technical standards organizations. We provide a suite of applications designed to allow organizations to manage the content of their web site and securely collaborate online.

Kavi Billing works as part of a suite of web site applications, providing bills and receipts for a variety of different tools. Kavi Billing consolidates the billing history for an account into a single place, and centralizes an organization's methodology for accepting payment, creating bill IDs and communicating with members about their payments.

Kavi Commerce sends credit card payments from your web site to a payment processing service. Other products, such as Kavi Billing, make use of Kavi Commerce's forms for collecting credit card information and managing the status of credit card transactions.

Kavi Edit provides a convenient set of tools used to manage and edit site content. It features WYSIWYG and source editors, session locking, file downloads, image handling and a secure working environment that can be configured to set editing permissions at the page level. Dynamically generated navigation automatically inserts nav nodes as new pages are added and links to external sites can be created independently.

Kavi Groups is the collaborative cornerstone of many standards organizations. This unique collaboration application helps coordinate an organization's committee work by providing secure, online committee areas with tools and features designed specifically to support the committee processes necessary for standards development.

Kavi Groups incorporates tools for managing committee rosters, sharing and storing documents, shared calendars and scheduling events, conducting formal balloting, and archiving group email, with personalized RSS feeds designed to help participants keep seamlessly up-to-date.

Kavi's membership management system is the core component of all of Kavi web services packages. It serves as an organization's member database, controls access to private web content, keeps track of members' roles and permissions, tracks expiration dates, simplifies and personalizes member communication, creates member directories and company rosters, and helps generate dynamic content for your web site.

Kavi Showcase gives standards organizations a browsable, searchable library of member profiles and a catalog of their standards-compliant products. Each member company can create and maintain its own profile complete with links to its web site, a company description and company logo. Each profile can have one or more catalog items associated with it. Catalog items are also searchable and can include a product photo, description, links to product literature, and sales or marketing contact information.

Kavi Registration features a web-based interface to a full featured yet customizable event registration package. Registrants can be profiled with custom questions, and ecommerce used to collect credit card fees online. Kavi Registration imposes no limits on the number of attendees but allows custom limits and waiting lists to be set at the administrator's discretion. The administrator's interface provides online control of the event, including the ability to make modifications that become visible instantly and to monitor the results with real-time reporting.

Kavi WebApps are semi-custom solutions designed for a specific site based on a robust set of software development tools. These solutions are database-backed and feature a full set of administrative tools for managing the database and generating reports.

A term used in a search. Kavi Showcase encourages the addition of keywords to profiles and catalog items to increase the chances that a search will find the object. The careful use of keywords in all web site content is a critical part of search engine optimization, and one of the main strategies for improving a web site's search engine ranking.

The date and time that a record was last updated. The last modified date is tracked on all records and is available in most of the data downloads provided by Kavi software.

List administrators maintain mailing lists and enforce list policies. Depending on the mailing list, their duties may include moderating messages for posting or moderating subscription requests. They have a higher level of permissions than regular users so they can fulfill these responsibilities.

A list owner maintains the technical environment in which the list is housed.

A preconfigured mailing list template on which Kavi Mailing List Manager mailing lists are based.

A link sent by email which can then be used to identify the recipient to the web site. The link includes a unique key, a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters. When the user clicks this link, the user is automatically logged in so they can access their password and other personal information. Login links are sent to new members, to users who have forgotten their passwords and to members who need to renew their membership but can no longer access the restricted areas of the site.

A recorded history of changes made to the data, including the date of the change and who made the change. The full logs show which fields were changed and the values of those fields, tying records back to their unique database IDs. The activity histories are a human-readable variation of this information, including notes about the change rather than the detailed field values.

See Also activity history.

A generic term for email delivery applications that manage mail delivery between mail transfer agents (MTAs) such as qmail and mail user agents (MUAs) such as Emacs or Microsoft Outlook. MDAs generally operate behind a firewall, so if an email delivery has failed and Kavi has been able to confirm delivery to the MTA, the failure point can only be identified by admins responsible for the network protected by this firewall.

See Also mail transfer agent, mail user agent.

In its most basic form, a mailing list is a collection of email addresses, known as list subscribers. When an authorized email is sent to the list, it gets sent to every subscriber on the list. Mailing lists are frequently used as a method of discussion on a particular topic, such as marketing or compliance.

Mailing lists may offer archives, digests and a set of email commands that can be used by subscribers, moderators and administrators. Mailing lists are highly configurable so that the organization sponsoring the list can determine who can subscribe, who can post, whether the list is moderated and set parameters for what kinds of email the list will accept.

Kavi Mailing List Manager includes tools for creating and managing mailing lists. Kavi Groups also heavily uses mailing lists to facilitate communication between group participants.

A generic term for email transfer applications, such as qmail, sendmail, postfix, etc. When tracking the delivery status of an email, it is only possible for Kavi to confirm delivery or failure between the sender and the receiver's MTA. Beyond this point, the mail enters the receiver's network and delivery can only be confirmed by admins responsible for that network.

See Also mail delivery agent, mail user agent.

A generic term for email client applications, such as Emacs, Microsoft Outlook, etc.

See Also mail transfer agent, mail delivery agent.

A generic term for malicious software distributed via email such as viruses, worms, trojans and hoaxes.

See Also virus.

Kavi Groups and Zope term. A user with special responsibilities and privileges.

See Also Zope.

Kavi Commerce term. Manual processing is the opposite of automatic processing. When Kavi Commerce is using Echo or Verisign payment gateways, credit cards are charged in real-time. When Kavi Commerce is in manual processing mode, credit card information is stored, rather than charged in real-time. These stored credit card transactions must later be manually processed by an administrator using an alternate credit card processing service.

Kavi Members term. Membership levels are typically defined in the organization bylaws or constitution, and guided by policy defining who is eligible for membership, pricing structure, and benefits. Examples of members include sponsors, contributors, board, and student members.

The member's relationship with the organization may expire at the end of the membership term. Members may be reclassified as nonmembers if they choose not to renew their membership and the organization tracks nonmembers in the database.

Kavi Members uses the term "members" in the strictest sense, only classifying those users who have a membership with the organization as members. Other applications use this term less strictly.

Kavi Mailing List Manager uses the term member to mean any user in the Kavi Member's database, regardless of their membership status or purpose.

See Also nonmember, Purpose, Staff or Administration.

Kavi Members term. Users or companies can apply to become a member of an organization using a selected membership type. The configuration of the membership type determines the term of the membership, its price, and the web site privileges to be automatically granted through that membership.

See Also member, membership.

Kavi Members term. Membership type groups define how membership types relate to one another. They are used by the rules engine to determine what kinds of memberships a member may hold simultaneously. The membership type groups delineate the number of memberships a member may hold concurrently and if the organization has a two-tier membership system, the membership type groups identify dependencies between the primary and dependent membership types.

For example, Organization A has two primary membership types: 'Board' and 'Adopter'. These membership types are placed into a membership type group with a 'maximum in group' value of one, meaning that a member can only have one of these memberships at a time (i.e., the company is either a 'Board' or an 'Adopter' member, never a 'Board' and an 'Adopter' member).

Organization B has a two-tier membership system, and uses the same two primary membership types as Organization A, and limits the number of primary memberships that a member can hold simultaneously to one, just like Organization A. But Organization B also offers dependent memberships. An member is eligible for dependent memberships based on the type of primary membership the member holds. An 'Adopter' member can acquire one or more dependent memberships, including 'Beta Tester' and 'Advisory Committee'. A 'Board' member can acquire one or more dependent memberships including 'Advisory Committee' and 'Project Sponsor'.

See Also member, membership.

An email header contains information similar to the information on a real-world envelope you would use to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. The full header consists of the message header, which contains the familiar 'To', 'From', 'Date' and 'Subject' fields, and the envelope header, which is generally hidden when viewing email through an MUA.

When an email delivery problem occurs, the complete email, including the full header, must be forwarded to support as an attachment. When the email is forwarded inline or the contents are copied into another email, only the message body and message header are captured and the all-important envelope header infomation (which is of most use in the troubleshooting process) is omitted.

See Also mail user agent, full header, email header, envelope header.

MHonArc is the mail-to-HTML converter used by Kavi software to create web-viewable email archives. For more information, visit the MHonArc web site.

Kavi Members term. An organization that offers both company and individual memberships. This type of organization has company representatives as well as individual members in its user database. It may track nonmember individuals as well as nonmember companies as well.

See Also company-based organization.

Moderation interjects human decision-making into automated processes at strategic points in the workflow so the organization and its members can benefit from having important decisions made by a human with advanced reasoning faculties and discernment rather than a computer implementing one-size-fits-all brute-force logic. The moderator reviews certain kinds of requests submitted to the organization, then approves or rejects the request based on established guidelines. In Kavi applications, moderation processes are conducted through email as well as web-based forms and tools.

Moderation steps are built into the workflow of many Kavi applications, including Kavi Members, Kavi Groups, Kavi Showcase and Kavi Mailing List Manager. Moderation steps are generally configurable, so organizations that prefer to rely on automated processes to handle a certain kind of task can leave moderation turned off, while those that prefer to put the decision in the hands of a moderator can enable that particular moderation step. For example, Kavi Members can be configured to enable moderation for Company Membership Applications, but disable moderation for Company Representative Signup, relying on accepted domains enforcement to screen these users.

See Also accepted domains, moderator.

A moderation queue is a series of requests awaiting moderator approval. A Kavi application may have multiple queues, depending on configuration.

For instance, Kavi Members can have an Individual Membership Application queue, a Company Membership Application queue and a Company Representative Signup queue. In Kavi Members, these queues receive requests in the form of applications. When a new application is received, a scheduled email notification is sent to people designated as moderators. When a moderator acts on the request by approving or denying the application, the application is removed from the queue.

See Also moderation, moderator.

A moderator is a person who handles decision-making at strategic points in otherwise automated processes so the organization and its members can benefit from having important decisions made by a human with advanced reasoning faculties and discernment rather than a computer implementing one-size-fits-all brute-force logic. The moderator reviews certain kinds of requests submitted to the organization and approves or rejects the request based on established guidelines.

Most Kavi applications configuration options include moderation steps at multiple places in the workflow. In Kavi Members, moderators may review membership and company representative applications to provide human oversight of the application process and control who is granted access to protected areas of the organization's Web site. Kavi Showcase has moderators review and approve member profiles and catalog items before they are published. In Kavi Mailing List Manager, moderators help ensure that unwanted messages aren't posted to mailing lists and may handle subscription requests to private lists.

Moderators usually handle specific kinds of requests, so moderation responsibilities are usually divided between multiple moderators. For instance, new memberships may require approval by the Board of Trustees, with an administrator entering the results into the system. On the other hand, designated personnel within the Marketing Department may moderate profile approval requests generated through Kavi Showcase.

All files have a MIME Type which describes what kind of data the file contains and in which format this data is stored. Originally used as a method to tell email programs what types of files were being sent, MIME Types are now recognized by internet browsers and other software. The MIME type enables applications to read the file. For example, your browser will detect the image/jpeg MIME type as a JPEG picture and display it properly.

Kavi software is backed by MySQL databases. MySQL is the world's most popular Open Source Database, designed for speed, power and precision in mission critical, heavy load use. For more information about MySQL, visit the MySQL web site.

Kavi Edit features dynamically generated navigation, which creates navigation links using information aggregated from navigation nodes, or nav nodes, inserted throughout the site. Nav nodes are generated automatically when a new page is created. Links can be created independently by the user, including links to external web sites in the site navigation. These nodes contain the navigation URL, the title to be used for the navigation, breadcrumbs, site map, and the order in which the node should be displayed.

A combination of the terms "net" and "etiquette". Netiquette is proper etiquette for the Internet.

The set of all mail servers and connectors within a company or organization. When an email fails within the network cloud, only internal admins can determine the exact point of failure.

Non-pejorative slang term for an inexperienced user, especially a newcomer to a mailing list.

A magazine, frequently marketing-related. Newsletters can be distributed through a mailing list, and Kavi Mailing List Manager provides a 'Newsletter' default list type specifically for this use of a mailing list.

Kavi Members term. If your organization's Web site is configured to track nonmembers, 'Nonmember' will be displayed as one of the purposes that can be assigned to users or companies to determine how they will be managed in Kavi Members. The nonmember 'Purpose' is not applied to members, company representatives, or organization staff and administrators.

Nonmembers are account holders that do not meet membership criteria. Depending on the organization, nonmembers might participate in some of the organization's activities. Nonmembers may include:

Organizations offer nonmembers restricted privileges, if any. The nonmember's relationship with the organization does not expire. Some nonmembers may eventually become members.

See Also member, membership, Purpose, Staff or Administration.

Kavi Groups term. By default, a user added to a group roster as an Observer may download documents and read group email—but cannot add items, contribute to discussions or vote.

A mailing list that allows users to subscribe directly uses an open subscription model.

See Also closed subscription model.

Term used by Kavi Commerce. The order ID is a unique, human-readable identifier assigned to each credit card transaction by Kavi Commerce. If the transaction originated with another application, such as Kavi Billing, the order ID will match the bill ID of the bill to which this transaction relates.

The group or association to which the web site belongs.

Indicates how a change recorded in an activity history was made. Some example originations include:

See Also activity history.

A secret combination of characters used to insure the security and privacy of your account. A good password will be at least six letters long, use both letters and numbers, and a combination of upper and lower case. It may also include special characters such as apostrophes, hyphens and underscores. The password should not be based on words found in a dictionary, even if you replace the 'O' with a '0' or the 'l' with a '1' (everybody knows this trick). The goal is to make it easy for you to remember and hard for others to guess.

Term used by Kavi Billing. The payment method for a bill describes how money will be received. Payments may be processed manually, as when receiving a check by mail, or automatically when paying by credit card. When a payment method for a bill is selected, the bill will show the appropriate instructions for remitting payment to the organization.

Term used by Kavi Commerce. Another term for gateway.

See Also gateway.

A company in the process of applying for its first membership with the organization. Until the membership application process is complete, the company's information is stored in a database of pending companies. When the membership goes current, the company's information is moved into the regular company database and can be managed like any other company.

An individual in the process of applying for their own membership with the organization for the first time. Until the membership application process is complete, the individual's information is stored in a database of pending users. When the membership goes current, the user's information is moved into the regular user database and can be managed like any other user.

PHP is a popular programming language that can be incorporated into HTML. For more information about PHP, visit the PHP web site.

A technique that minimizes the amount of time a web page takes to download over a slow connection. Kavi Groups is designed to take advantage of PHP compression.

For lists managed by the Kavi Mailing List Manager, an email address that isn't on the Regular Subscriber, Digest Subscriber or Moderator list may be added to the Poster List (which ezmlm calls the 'allow list') to grant the user the ability to send messages to the list. Only lists that allow subscribers to post directly but moderate or reject posts from the public (i.e. unknown email addresses) support this feature in the Mailing List Manager.

See Also allow list.

The number on a purchase order, which is a document used to approve, track and process purchased items.

The person acting as a company's principal liaison to the organization. A primary contact will be requested or required for companies signing up for membership, and a primary email address is usually required. Depending on organization policy and web site configuration, the primary contact may be assigned roles that grant permission to maintain company data.

See Also role.

The email address under which a user signs up. This is the email address to which automated notices will be sent and which is used to subscribed to mailing lists. For many organizations, this must be the user's official company-issued email address.

The organization's statement about how user information is gathered and used, what information is tracked, who has access to this information, and how a user can learn more. A thorough privacy policy is considered a requirement for any reputable web site that tracks user information and should always be available on a web site using Kavi Members.

The opposite of a public list, a private list does not accept email address commands (administrative commands) from the public (i.e., from email addresses it can't find on the Subscriber List or other lists of known users).

An email sent automatically by a mailing list to check an email address that has been bouncing, or stopped accepting list email.

See Also bounce handling.

Term used by Kavi Showcase. A profile is a marketing description of a company or user, and may contain a description, URLs, and images. Each profile may be associated with several catalog items.

See Also catalog item.

The table on the upper-right corner of software pages that shows how many steps are involved in the current process. The progress bar shows what step the user is currently on and how many steps remain before the process is complete.

A web site user who isn't recognized by the system is classified as a public user. This includes people who don't have Kavi Members accounts, account holders who aren't logged in and users interacting with mailing lists through unknown email addresses.

Public users don't enjoy the same level of access privileges as account holders. Public users can only access the Public Area of the site and can only send messages to mailing lists that accept public posts. If a subscriber wants to be able to post to the list, they may have to send the message from the email account under which they are subscribed. An account holder may login and add update their email address or subscribe to the list before they can enjoy subscriber-level or member-level posting privileges.

Term used by Kavi Members. Each user and company in the database is assigned a Purpose to classify the user or company in relation to the organization at the most basic level. Purposes for companies are: 'Member Company', 'Nonmember', 'Staff or Administration' and 'Company for Individuals'. Purposes for users are: 'Individual Member', 'Nonmember', 'Staff or Administration' and 'Company Representative'. Kavi Members uses the Purpose field to make a wide array of decisions about how a user or company is managed: whether they are listed in member rosters and directories, what information is tracked in the database and what kinds of permissions to apply.

Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. For more information, visit the python web site.

qmail is an open-source SMTP server used by Kavi software. For more information about qmail, visit the qmail web site.

The minimum number of members required for the conduct of business. Kavi Groups includes features for tracking meeting attendance which can automatically compute whether quorum was met at a group's meeting.

Mailing list email archives that live on the server's file system, as opposed to the web-viewable archives presented online by Kavi Mailing List Manager and Kavi Groups. Raw archives can often be retrieved using ezmlm commands sent by email to the mailing list.

See Also mailing list, MHonArc.

RSS is a form of XML that publishes a list of headlines, article titles or events encoded in a way that can be easily read by another program called a news aggregator or news reader. These programs allow users to read headlines or events from dozens or hundreds of aggregated news sites at one time.

Kavi Groups sends out updates in RSS format, called RSS feeds, which keep members up-to-date when resources are published.

Regular subscribers receive every email sent to the list singly, as opposed to digest subscribers who receive email in batches (many email rolled into one). Users have the ability to select from these two options when managing their subscriptions.

See Also digest subscriber.

Term used by Kavi Members. Any member who has at one time held an active membership with the organization can renew their membership by applying for a new membership. Members may renew their membership at any level allowed by the organization; an adopter membership that is upgraded to a board membership is still considered to have been renewed.

A field in an email header that provides the address to which replies to the message will go. It is analagous to the return address on a hardcopy letter you'd send through the postal service. Like the return address, this field can be set by the sender, so it is not necessarily valid but if it isn't, email returned to the sender will be undeliverable.

The contents of the 'Reply-To' field are not necessarily the same as the 'From:' field, which is also set by the sender, and the 'Return-Path', which is set by the originating MTA, and contains the address where the email originated.

Mailing lists set the 'Reply-To' field to the address of an automated bounce handler so that when an email sent to a subscriber bounces, it won't be returned to the list and distributed to all the other list subscribers.

See Also envelope header, mail transfer agent, Return-Path.

A field in an email envelope header that stores the fully qualified domain name (or IP address) of the MUA from which the email originated. Since the information in this field is added automatically, it does not necessarily match the 'From' and 'Reply-To' fields (which can be set by the user).

See Also envelope header, Reply-To, mail user agent.

Underlying mechanism governing user access to web site pages. Access to a page is controlled by the roles assigned to it. A user must have one or more of these roles in their role cache in order to access the page. The default role for a user is 'authenticated', meaning the user has basic access permissions that allow the user to login and gain access to the protected areas of the site. A more privileged type of user such as the Organization Admin would have the role of 'organization_admin' in their role cache, granting this user the ability to access tools and information available through the Admin Home page.

See Also role cache.

All roles assigned to a user are stored in this cache, which cumulatively represents this user's level of site access.

See Also role.

A script or automated tool that searches web site pages for email addresses, which it copies and saves. Scrapers are one way that spammers gather email addresses. Kavi software tools are designed to protect email addresses from scrapers where possible.

Software that searches documents for keywords entered by a user and returns a list of the documents or web pages containing the keywords. The most popular search engine web site is Google.

The practice of crafting web site content to maximize the web site's search engine ranking for specific keywords.

Security certificates are necessary to establish a secure connection using the SSL protocol. Security certificates contain information about the certificate's owner, who issued the certificate, a unique identification number, and an encrypted key that can be used to verify the contents of the certificate. Security certificates are usually purchased from a third-party supplier and are typically valid from one to five years.

See Also secure socket layer encryption.

Email and mailing list management software identifies the "sender" of an email by extracting the sender's email address from the Return-Path in the email envelope header.

See Also envelope header, Return-Path.

Kavi Edit term. All changes made using Kavi Edit are made within a session. A session holds edits separate from the existing site until the editor is satisfied with the changes. Sessions do not end when the browser is closed, allowing the editor to continue work over several days without worrying about losing changes or exposing work prematurely.

A session ends when the editor who made the changes accepts or discards the edits.

Kavi Groups term. The sharing settings for a group determine where and to whom the group's resources will be published. Groups can be configured to publish, or share, items with other groups, the organization membership, and/or with the public at large.

A site error occurs when an application form or dynamic web page encounters problems. Site errors require attention by support staff, and can frequently trigger email alerting support staff to the problem. If you are reporting a site error, it is helpful to look at the page source and include the traceback, or error details, in your message.

See Also source, source code, traceback.

Programming term used to describe the code files that control how pages are laid out and how applications work. When troubleshooting web site problems, you may be asked to "View the source" which refers to the HTML source of the web page. If you encounter a site error, this page source may include traceback information that guides support personnel to the cause of the problem.

Kavi Edit includes a source editor that allows direct editing of web page HTML in addition to a WYSIWYG editor.

See Also Kavi Edit, Hypertext Markup Language, site error, What You See Is What You Get.

Spam can be defined as unsolicited bulk email sent to promote products or services. Kavi encourages all list owners to take proactive measures to prevent spam from being distributed through their lists and to adopt a closed-loop, confirmed opt-in process to avoid having list messages potentially perceived as spam. It is recommended that list messages include trailer text with instructions on how to unsubscribe from the list.

Whether deliberate or inadvertant, the distribution of spam through mailing lists jeopardizes the reputation of the Web site and invites the risk of being blocklisted by Spamhaus or other anti-spam organizations. Once an domain has been blocklisted, the process of having it removed from the blocklist is problematic and time consuming.

See Also blockist, closed-loop, confirmed opt-in, scraper.

Python software objects (i.e., DataSkins), that appear in the Kavi Members Full Activity Log as the entity that handled the data change. It is possible to search the Full Activity Log for actions taken by a specific specialist type. For instance, if you are searching for changes made to a company contact record, you could enter 'KCompanyContactDataSkin' in the 'What Action Was Taken' field.

A protocol that allows sensitive information to be securely exchanged on the internet through the use of encryption. SSL used in conjunction with HTTP is called HyperText Transmission Protocol, Secure (HTTPS). Kavi product pages using SSL to secure financial transactions will be indicated by URLs beginning with HTTPS rather than the usual HTTP.

See Also encryption.

Kavi Members term. 'Staff or Administration' is one of the four Purposes available to users or companies. Staff are in charge of managing the web site and carrying out the day-to-day tasks of the organization. Staff have extensive management responsibilities. Staff and administrators:

The user's relationship with the organization is not subject to periodic expiration dates like that of membership holders.

See Also nonmember, Purpose, member, membership.

Status indicates whether an object in the database is active or inactive. Database objects may include companies, users, memberships, profiles, catalog items, etc. Status tends to be based on workflow states, with objects often added in an inactive state, becoming active, then inactive again as they are archived. In Kavi Billing and Kavi Commerce status follows this pattern as a bill or a transaction progresses from new through canceled or complete.

See Also active, inactive.

A subdomain is based on the domain of a URL, with more specific address information prefixing the domain string, usually the name of a server used for a division of the company or organization. If the company domain is 'example.com', the subdomain for the research division might be 'research.example.com'.

See Also domain, domain name.

The contents of the subject line of an email (i.e., the line headed by 'Subject:'). Spam filters will reject (delete) emails with empty subject lines. Some mailing lists automatically add a prefix to the contents of the subject line to identify the list before forwarding emails to subscribers. When composing an email to post to a mailing list, take the time to compose a meaningful subject line to help distinguish this message from other messages on similar subjects.

Kavi Groups term. A submitter is the user who added an item to a group, such as a document or an event.

An email address on a mailing list's subscriber list that receives email distributions from the list. Subscribers can be regular or digest subscribers.

See Also digest subscriber, regular subscriber.

A user with super administrator access can change how the products are configured. Product configuration can have major impacts on how the web site operates, and is the primary way that the products are tailored to match the business rules of the organization.

Multiple template-generated emails sent in a single batch.

See Also text template.

Legal limits on the use of the site to which prospective members or company representatives must agree before they will be granted accounts that provide access to the organization's web site. Generally presented during the signup process as a form displaying the terms and conditions with two check boxes. The user must click the checkbox that indicates agreement with the terms and conditions to proceed with the signup process. If the user clicks the other checkbox, indicating they do not agree, they will generally not be able to proceed with the automated signup process. Some organizations allow admins to add these users manually.

Text templates store text that can be automatically inserted into email sent to users or displayed on web pages. Text templates can be edited by administrators and may include information drawn from the database to personalize email (e.g., the username or first and last name).

The term of a membership is the period of time during which the membership is current, as defined by its start and end dates. The end date is undefined for lifetime memberships.

Membership dates for a specific type of membership may be based on a term (e.g., Jan. 1st to Dec. 31st of a given year), or a duration (e.g., one year, a lifetime). If a membership type uses a fixed term, Member B who joins mid-term would have a different start date than Member A who joined before the term began, but both memberships would expire on the same day. If the membership type used a fixed duration of one year, the memberships of Member A and Member B would both last a year, but each membership would have different start and end dates.

See Also duration.

More than one email on the same subject. Kavi mailing list archives provide indexing by thread.

See Also email archives.

Kavi installs and supports third-party software on many web sites. Third-party software is developed by other companies or communities. Most third-party software used on Kavi sites is open source.

For efficiency's sake, computer systems can be configured to enforce a limit on the length of time that something can remain active or present in the system. Most users are familiar with the browser timeout phenomenon that sometimes occurs when downloading a large file. Kavi Mailing List Manager enforces a timeout on the length of time that a message can remain in a mailing list moderation queue without being moderated. When the timeout limit is reached, the message is deleted from the moderation queue and the sender is notified that their message timed out.

An automatically added time value indicating the time that a an event occurred. Timestamp values may record real time (usually on a 24-hour clock), in which case the value frequently includes the date as well as the time; or elapsed time, in which case there will be a pair of values, with the first set to a zero value and the second recording the elapsed time, as with a stopwatch. Since system clocks are set locally, there is variation in the way that systems are calibrated, so the timestamps on emails, which are timestamped by multiple hosts during the email transfer and delivery process, are only somewhat reliable.

Appears as the final extension of a domain name, taking the format domainname.tld, where .tld stands for top-level domains such as .org, .com, .edu. There are thirteen of these domains, each of which has a single root nameserver that fields all Domain Name System (DNS) requests for that specific top-level domain. The root nameserver responds to the DNS request with a list of nameservers that handle requests for the domain name.

See Also Domain Name System.

A traceback is a description of an application or dynamic page error that provides valuable debugging information for support staff. Tracebacks are hidden in the HTML source of all site errors, and can be seen by viewing the page source of the error page.

See Also site error, source, source code.

Kavi Commerce term. A transaction consists of the complete series of calls made between the organization's web site and the bank when a credit card payment is made.

UTF-8, or Unicode (or UCS) Transformation Format, 8-bit encoding form, is used to encode international information for use on computer systems such as Unix and Linux. Kavi Groups optionally supports UTF-8 encoding on email messages, allowing email including Japanese and other international characters to be displayed correctly in the online email archives.

A person with a Kavi Members account. Most account holders have web site access, although users who have been deactivated or have had types (and roles and access) removed due to membership expiration do not.

Used in Kavi Members to classify users, implement business logic according to user class and provide web site access privileges to users, particularly individual members and individuals involved in managing the organization and its web site. The default User Types are 'Organization Admin', 'Organization Editor' and 'Report Admin', all of which are highly privileged types that must be assigned manually by administrators.

See Also role.

A unique combination of letters, numbers, and characters used when logging in to the restricted areas of a web site.

An internet address (e.g., http://www.kavi.com).

The process of checking information entered into a web form to see if it fits a predefined set of criteria. All input is thoroughly validated before it is stored in the database. Bounds on all values are checked and error conditions are raised if not in compliance (invalid form values, user modified GET strings, stale pages).

A software program or piece of code loaded and run on a computer without the owner's approval. Most viruses can replicate and spread to other computers, primarily by hijacking email systems and sending themselves to other people in the address book. All computer viruses are manmade.

Kavi supports the use of F-Prot virus-blocking on incoming email sent to lists and aliases. Even with anti-virus software in place, it is best to be cautious about opening email attachments as they may contain a new virus not yet recognized by anti-virus software. If you weren't expecting to receive the attachment, do not open it until you have checked with the sender. If you do not know the sender, delete the email without opening the attachement.

See Also F-Prot.

Web standards technologies establish a foundation upon which web developers can create web sites that are accessible to as wide an audience as possible. Web standards are also crafted to ensure that web-based content written using standards today will still be viable in the future. Web standards are drafted and maintained by independent organizations, such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and include technologies such as CSS, XHTML, and DOM.

See Also Cascading Style Sheet, Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Workflow is a software representation of a business process, describing how tasks are done, by whom, in what order and how quickly. A software workflow system can help automate all or part of the process it describes.

For example, most organizations have a series of steps a membership applicant must complete before they are granted membership, such as paying membership fees and signing the organization's IPR agreement. The order and number of these steps is configured into the web site software's workflow, which will then automatically prompt the applicant to download forms or pay their bill at the appropriate point in the process.

Many of Kavi's software applications are workflow-driven. Kavi Members workflow can be customized to control how memberships are processed and maintained. Kavi Showcase's customizable workflow allows the organization to subject profiles to moderator approval before display or, if Kavi Compliance is enabled, gate display of catalog items on whether they pass compliance testing.

Editing tools that display the page being edited exactly as it will appear when published.

Kavi Edit includes a WYSIWYG editor for editing page content in addition to a standard HTML editor.

See Also Kavi Edit, source, source code.

See Extensible Markup Language.

See Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Zope is the open source application server for creating content management systems, intranets, portals, and custom applications upon which Kavi web sites are built. For more information, visit the Zope web site.